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摘要：【目的】明確广西罗非鱼主产区养殖环境中抗生素的残留分布，为推进罗非鱼养殖产业的健康绿色发展提供参考。【方法】分别于桂中、桂南和桂北地区淡水养殖池塘中各选择3口具有代表性的池塘（依次编号1#～9#）为采样区，重点研究养殖环境（池塘养殖水和底泥）及吉富罗非鱼成鱼组织（肌肉和肝脏）中恩诺沙星（ENR）、呋喃它酮代谢物（AMOZ）、呋喃妥因代谢物（AHD）、呋喃西林代谢物（SEM）、呋喃唑酮代谢物（AOZ）、磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）、磺胺二甲嘧啶（SM2）、氯霉素（CAP）和土霉素（OTC）等9种常见抗生素的残留情况。【结果】所有样品中检测出的残留抗生素只有3种，即ENR、SM2和OTC。其中，底泥及养殖水样品中检出的残留抗生素为ENR、SM2和OTC，鱼体肌肉组织样品中检出的残留抗生素为ENR，肝脏组织样品中检出的残留抗生素为ENR和SM2。采样池塘底泥中ENR和OTC的残留检出范围分别为1.2400～19.3500和1.3800～38.0100 μg/kg，SM2含量为4.2100 μg/kg;养殖水样品中ENR和OTC的残留量范围分别是0.0147～0.0227和0.0327～3.2420 μg/L，SM2含量为0.0443 μg/L;肌肉组织中ENR的检出残留量为2.8270 μg/kg;肝脏组织中ENR的检出范围是1.0567～6.3230 μg/kg，SM2含量为3.3000 μg/kg。在抗生素残留程度上，8#和5#池塘受抗生素的污染程度相对其他池塘更严重。其中，8#池塘抽检的底泥样品中ENR含量达19.3500 μg/kg，SM2含量达4.2100 μg/kg，OTC含量达8.4600 μg/kg，肌肉样品中ENR的残留量是2.8270 μg/kg，肝脏组织中ENR和SM2的残留量分别高达6.3230和3.3000 μg/kg;5#池塘受OTC的污染较其他池塘严重，底泥中检出OTC的残留量高达38.0100 μg/kg。食品安全方面，肌肉组织中，仅8#池塘的鱼体肌肉样品中检出ENR一种抗生素残留，且残留含量远低于我国及输韩国的水产品中对可食部分限定的最大残留量，但在输美国、加拿大及日本等国家和地区时，禁止在水产品的可食部分中检出ENR;其余肌肉样品中均未检出残留抗生素。【结论】虽然广西罗非鱼主产区养殖池塘环境中残留抗生素种类较少，残留量较低，鱼体组织中抗生素累积较少，抗生素污染程度较低，肌肉组织可食无害，但仍需密切关注养殖环境中抗生素的残留风险。
关键词： 罗非鱼;养殖池塘;抗生素;残留;风险评价;广西
中图分类号： S965.12 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2019）04-0891-07
Abstract：【Objective】The residual distribution of antibiotics in culture ponds in the main aquaculture areas of tilapia in Guangxi was clarified. It provided reference for promoting the healthy and green development of tilapia breeding industry. 【Method】This experiment selected three representative tilapia freshwater aquaculture ponds in each area of central Guangxi， southern Guangxi and northern Guangxi（No.1#-9#） as the sampling sites. The culture environment（pond water and sediment） and residue of nine major antibiotics in GIFT tilapia adults（muscle and liver） including eofloxacin（ENR）， furanone metabolites（AMOZ）， nitrofuranotoin metabolites（AHD）， nitrofurazone metabolites（SEM）， furazolidone metabolites（AOZ）， sulfadiazine（SDZ）， sulfamethazine（SM2）， chloramphenicol（CAP） and oxytetracycline（OTC） were researched. 【Result】Only ENR， SM2 and OTC were detected in all the samples.The residual antibiotics in sediment and water samples were ENR， SM2 and OTC， ENR were detected from fish muscle， ENR and SM2 were found in liver samples. Residual detection concentrations of ENR and OTC in the sediment samples of these nine ponds ranged from 1.2400 to 19.3500 μg/kg and 1.3800 to 38.0100 μg/kg， respectively. Residues of SM2 was 4.2100 μg/kg. The ENR residue in water ranged from 0.0147 to 0.0227 μg/L， and OTC residue ranged from 0.0327 to 3.2420 μg/L. The SM2 residue was 0.0443 μg/L . The detected residual ENR in muscle was 2.8270 μg/kg. The detection range of ENR in liver tissues was 1.0567 to 6.3230 μg/kg， and the residual SM2 was 3.3000 μg/kg. In terms of the degree of antibiotic residues， the contamination level of antibiotics in 8# pond and 5# pond was more serious than other fish ponds. Among them， the ENR content in sediment samples of the 8# pond was as high as 19.3500 μg/kg， the SM2 and OTC contents were 4.2100 μg/kg and 8.4600 μg/kg， respectively. The residual amount of ENR in muscle samples was 2.8270 μg/kg. The residual amounts of ENR and SM2 in liver were as high as 6.3230 μg/kg and 3.3000 μg/kg， respectively. And 5# pond was more polluted by OTC than other fish ponds. The residual amount of OTC detected in the sediment was as high as 38.0100 μg/kg. As for food safety， in muscle tissue， only the ENR was detected in the muscle samples of fish in 8# fish pond， and the residual content was much lower than the limited maximum residue in the aquatic products set by China and Korea. But in countries such as the United States， Canada， and Japan， it was prohibited to detect ENR in the edible portion of aquatic products. In addition， no residual antibiotics were detected in the remaining muscle samples. 【Conclusion】There are relatively few residual antibiotics in the breeding pond environment in the main tilapia producing areas in Guangxi， and the cumulative residual quantity is low in the samples of fish tissues. The antibiotics pollution level is low， and the muscle is edible and harmless. But the residual risk of antibiotics in breeding environment should be closely paid attention to.