摘要 灰霉病是草莓生產过程中的主要病害，亟需开发实用的草莓灰霉病绿色防控技术，保障草莓持续健康发展。本研究从第一花序盛花期至果实大量成熟，每周使用鼓风机将发育中果实（花托）上残留的衰老花瓣吹落。在第一、二次吹落花瓣前后分别统计每朵花上花瓣数量，计算每朵花平均花瓣数和花瓣吹落效率。49 d后分别调查花瓣吹落处理区与对照区果实灰霉病发病率。结果显示：草莓盛花期花瓣不易脱落，在盛花期一周后使用鼓风机吹落花瓣的效率较高。连续7次使用鼓风机清理后，对照区果实灰霉病平均发病率（8.27%）显著高于处理区（1.52%）。在草莓第一批果实发育期间使用鼓风机吹落衰老花瓣能显著降低果实灰霉病发病率，该方法对果实灰霉病防效为81.56%。
关键词 草莓； 花瓣； 灰霉病； 鼓风机； 弱寄生
中图分类号： S 436. 68
文献标识码： B
DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2017465
Abstract Strawberry （Fragaria×ananassa Duch.） is an important fruit widely planted in China. Gray mold is very harmful to the strawberry production. Development of practical green control method for gray mold in strawberry will reduce the use of chemical pesticides in strawberry production， reduce pesticide residues in strawberry fruits and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of strawberry industry. Strawberry cultivar ‘Sweet Charlie’ was used in this study， and the test area was evenly divided into two parts， one for the petals treat area （PT） and the other for the control area （CK）. In PT， a blower was used to blowing residual senescence petals away from the developing strawberry fruit （receptacle）. The CK was not treated with blower. The PT was treated with a blower once a week， from the flowering period of first inflorescence to the fruits mature period. The number of petals on each flower was counted before and after the petal blowing treatment， and the average number of petals per flower and the rate of petal blow-down were calculated. When fruit of the first inflorescences were mature （after 49 days）， the incidence of Botrytis fruit rot in PT and CK was investigated respectively. The result indicated a large number of senescent petals can be blow away from developing fruits （receptacle） when using a blower against the strawberry petals during the flowering season. Because of the high percentage of fresh petals in full flowering stage， the rate of blow-off of petals was 7.83% after blow-up. But the blow-off rate of petals one week later after full flowering stage was 17.54%， which is significantly higher than that at full flowering stage. After cleaning senescent petals with blower for 7 times， the average incidence ofBotrytisfruit rot in control area （8.27%） was significantly higher than that in the treatment area （1.52%）. The use of a blower in a greenhouse could significantly reduce the incidence of fruit gray mold disease and the control efficacy reached 81.56%.
Key words strawberries； petals； Botrytis fruit rot； blower； weak parasite